If you are here, no doubt you are looking for the source material used in the book and have followed the instructions to head to this website page. Below you will find the full list of End Notes used in the book, and also hyperlinks to the original source material or article quoted. This is a comprehensive exercise, if you find any errors please let us know by getting in touch.
End Notes Menu
End Notes MENU
INTRODUCTION
PART 1: ANGER
PART 2: ENTERTAINMENT
PART 3: ANGERTAINMENT
CONCLUSION
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INTRODUCTION
;INTRO ;
PAGE
4 ; ‘Any option is on the table. ; Natter, Ari. "US Safety Agency to Consider Ban on Gas Stoves Amid Health Fears." Bloomberg, January 9, 2023. link= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-09/us-safety-agency-to-consider-ban-on-gas-stoves-amid-health-fears
7 ; "far left woke policies" etc ; Tait, Robert. "As wildfires devastate LA, Republicans point fingers at Democratic California leaders." The Guardian, January 10, 2025 link= https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jan/10/california-wildfires-trump-republicans-democrats
; ; "Jesse Watters says 'the Indians' in California are responsible for 'tearing down western civilization' and spreading fires." Media Matters for America, January 8, 2025 link= https://www.mediamatters.org/fox-news/jesse-watters-says-indians-california-are-responsible-tearing-down-western-civilization
; ; Daily Caller News Foundation. "Victor Davis Hanson condemns California's DEI hiring in fire departments." Rumble, 2025. link= https://rumble.com/v67cxtj-victor-davis-hanson-condemns-californias-dei-hiring-in-fire-departments.html
10 ; ‘I am someone who writes about ; Broderick, Ryan. "Charlie Kirk was killed by a meme." Panic World. Podcast audio, September 12, 2025. link= https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/charlie-kirk-was-killed-by-a-meme/id1740187810?i=1000726575477
13 ; ‘écotyrannie’ in France ; EU DisinfoLab and Logically. HEAT: Harmful Environmental Agendas & Tactics. June 23, 2025. link= https://logically-web.cdn.prismic.io/logically-web/aFkoPnfc4bHWim7c_20250623-heat-harmful-environmental-agendas-tactics.pdf
PART 1: ANGER
;ANCIENT ANGER ;
19 ; ‘For a man so full of bad news, ; Maley, Jacqueline. "He's worked with Greta and Malala, and now Ed Coper has some bad news to share." The Sydney Morning Herald, March 1, 2022. link= https://www.smh.com.au/culture/books/he-s-worked-with-greta-and-malala-and-now-ed-coper-has-some-bad-news-to-share-20220301-p5a0p6.html
;RIGHTEOUS ANGER ;
26 ; Mr. Obama showed little emotion. ; Baker, Peter and Nagourney, Adam . "In a Volatile Time, Obama Strikes a New Tone." The New York Times, March 24, 2009. [my emphasis] link= https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/25/us/politics/25obama.html?_r=1&adxnnlx=1237994081-1O6dL06luXXj5O%207O18qcQ&pagewanted=all
30 ; ‘What makes anger intelligible as anger, ; Srinivasan, Amia. "The Aptness of Anger." Journal of Political Philosophy 26, no. 2 (2018): 123-144. link= https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jopp.12130
;GROUP ANGER ;
35 ; ‘He did not visit the demonstration ; Laville, Sandra. "Eton truant gets six months for rioting." The Telegraph, August 25, 2000. [my emphasis] link= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1367480/Eton-truant-gets-six-months-for-rioting.html
36 ; ‘Isolated, he may be a cultivated individual; Le Bon, Gustave. The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind. New York: Macmillan, 1896, 13.
36 ; ‘Since I am procuring the crown of martyrdom ; Letter to Mother Superior from Félicie Gimet, 1874, in "Sacra Rituum Congregatione beatificationis... Olivaint", Positio, Roma, 1946, in Duclos, Pierre. "Une pétroleuse convertie: Félicie Gimet et Pierre Olivaint." Revue d'histoire de l'Église de France, no. 192 (January-June 1988): 58-60. link= https://www.persee.fr/doc/rhef_0300-9505_1988_num_74_192_3428
36 ; ‘Sentiments, emotions, and beliefs ; Le Bon, The Crowd, 122.
37 ; ‘one of the oldest insights about human behavior ; Goldenberg, Amit. “What Makes Groups Emotional?.” Perspectives on psychological science: a journal of the Association for Psychological Science vol. 19,2 (2024): 489-502 link= https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/What%20Makes%20Groups%20Emotional_0dbc40a8-7d99-4b37-b951-4fdff246855e.pdf
38 ; ‘moral contagion’ ; Brady, William J., et al. "Emotion shapes the diffusion of moralized content in social networks." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 28: 7313-7318. 2017. link= https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5514704/pdf/pnas.201618923.pdf
38 ; ‘justice’, ‘bravery’ and ‘dignity’ ; Castro-Abril, Pablo, et al. "Social Identity, Perceived Emotional Synchrony, Creativity, Social Representations, and Participation in Social Movements: The Case of the 2019 Chilean Populist Protests." Frontiers in Psychology 12 (2021): 764434. link= https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.764434/full
41 ; A famous study in the 1950s ; Sherif, Muzafer, et al. Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation: The Robbers Cave Experiment. Norman, OK: Institute of Group Relations, The University of Oklahoma (1961). link= https://archive.org/details/intergroupconfli00univ/page/n1/mode/2up
45 ; ‘Bernie Sanders Rally ; Axelbank, Elan. "Bernie Sanders Rally Tour Exposes Mass Anger At Trump & Do-Nothing Democrats: But What Comes Next?" Socialist Alternative, April 4, 2025. link= https://www.socialistalternative.org/2025/04/04/bernie-sanders-rally-tour-exposes-mass-anger-at-trump-do-nothing-democrats-but-what-comes-next/
45 ; ‘the senator has been filling arenas ; Smith, Chris. "Bernie Sanders’s Anti-oligarchy Tour Is Vindication. But What Is It for Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez?" Vanity Fair. March 24, 2025. link= https://www.vanityfair.com/news/story/bernie-sanders-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-anti-oligarchy
;ALGORITHMIC ANGER ;
47 ; as science and gossip both confirm ; Bosson, Jennifer K., et al. "Interpersonal Chemistry Through Negativity: Bonding by Sharing Negative Attitudes about Others." Personal Relationships 13 (2006): 135-150. link= https://labs.la.utexas.edu/swann/files/2016/03/bosson_etal06_chemistry.pdf
48 ; ‘Immoral acts’ table ; Fig. 2 | Exposure to immoral acts and resulting moral outrage, online versus offline'. Crockett, M. J. "Moral outrage in the digital age." Nature Human Behaviour 1 (2017): 769-771. Reproduced with permission from Springer Nature. link= https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-017-0213-3
49 ; 20% more for each moral word ; Brady, William J., et al. 2017 link= https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5514704/pdf/pnas.201618923.pdf
49 ; the more polarised they became, ; Kitchens, Brent, Stephen Johnson, and Peter Gray. "Understanding Echo Chambers and Filter Bubbles: The Impact of Social Media on Diversification and Partisan Shifts in News Consumption." MIS Quarterly 44 (2020): 1619-1649. link= https://www.darden.virginia.edu/sites/default/files/inline-files/05_16371_RA_KitchensJohnsonGray%20Final_0.pdf
50 ; study, in 2024 by More in Common ; "Attitudes Towards Political Violence." More in Common (blog). September 17, 2025 link= https://moreincommon.substack.com/p/attitudes-towards-political-violence
50 ; makes you feel anxious or worried ; Han, Jiyoung, Seung Eon Lee, and Meeyoung Cha. “The Secret to Successful Evocative Messages: Anger Takes the Lead in Information Sharing over Anxiety.” Communication Monographs 90 (4): 545–65. (2023) link= https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03637751.2023.2236183#d1e423
50 ; ‘Five points for anger, ; Merrill, Jeremy B., and Will Oremus. "Five points for anger, one for a 'like': How Facebook's formula fostered resentment." The Washington Post, October 26, 2021. link= https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/10/26/facebook-angry-emoji-algorithm/
51 ; ‘We show, via a massive (N = 689,003) ; Kramer, Adam D. I., Jamie E. Guillory, and Jeffrey T. Hancock. "Experimental evidence of massive-scale emotional contagion through social networks." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 24 (2014): 8788-8790. link= https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1320040111
51 ; politics and the pandemic ; Van Duyn, E., & Muddiman, A. "Emotion Work on Social Media: Differences in Public and Private Emotions about Politics and COVID-19 on Facebook." Social Media + Society, 9(4) (2023). link= https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20563051231207853
52 ; by a whopping 67 per cent ; Rathje, Steve, Jay J. Van Bavel, and Sander van der Linden. "Out-group animosity drives engagement on social media." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 26 (2021). link= https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8256037/
52 ; but among moderates ; Brady, William J., Killian McLoughlin, Tuan N. Doan, and Molly J. Crockett, "How social learning amplifies moral outrage expression in online social networks." Science Advances. Vol 7, I 33. 2021. link= https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abe5641
52 ; we also overestimate just how angry ; Brady, William J., et al. "Overperception of moral outrage in online social networks inflates beliefs about intergroup hostility." Nature Human Behaviour 7, 917–927. 2023. link= https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-023-01582-0
53 ; prefer engaging with peers ; Goldenberg, Amit, et al. "Homophily and acrophily as drivers of political segregation." Nature Human Behaviour 7, 219–230 (2023) link= https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01474-9
53 ; this trend doesn’t apply to happiness ; Brady, William J., et al. 2023 link= https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-023-01582-0
PART 2: ENTERTAINMENT
;ARE YOU PAYING ATTENTION? ;
59 ; The psychology textbook definition of attention ; VandenBos, G. R. (Ed.). APA Dictionary of Psychology, American Psychological Association APA Books (2015) link= https://www.apa.org/pubs/books/4311022
60 ; our conscious mind can process 120 bits ; Levitin, Daniel J. The Organized Mind: Thinking Straight in the Age of Information Overload. New York: Dutton, 2014, 7. link= https://www.daniellevitin.com/the-organized-mind
65 ; Brain scans confirm this. ; Lieberman, Matthew D. Social: Why Our Brains Are Wired to Connect. New York: Crown, 2013. link= https://www.amazon.com/Social-Why-Brains-Wired-Connect/dp/0307889092/ref=sr_1_1
;BREAD AND CIRCUSES ;
74 ; ‘inculcate individuals with the values, ; Herman, Edward S., and Noam Chomsky. Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. New York: Pantheon Books, 1988.
75 ; ‘If you have two guys on a stage ; Ailes, Roger. Interview by Judy Woodruff. In Campaign for President: The Managers Look at '88, edited by David Runkel. Dover, MA: Auburn House, 1989.
77 ; Once wanted to be a teacher ; Linda McMahon testimony at Senate Confirmation Hearing for Education Secretary. Feb 11, 2025 link= https://www.pbs.org/newshour/education/watch-live-linda-mcmahon-testifies-at-senate-confirmation-hearing-for-education-secretary
;ENTER THE CREATOR ;
83 ; ‘It’s not that we got all political,’ ; Koblin, John. "‘South Park’ Takes On Trump and Wins Bigly" The New York Times, November 8, 2025. link= https://www.nytimes.com/2025/11/08/business/media/south-park-trump.html
86 ; Oxford University study ; Digital News Report 2025. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, Oxford University, June 2025. [my emphasis] link= https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2025-06/Digital_News-Report_2025.pdf
87 ; Another study by Pew Research ; "America's News Influencers." Pew Research Center, November 18, 2024. link= https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2024/11/18/americas-news-influencers/
87 ; trust podcasts more than traditional media ; 2024 Podcast Marketing Trust Index Report, from Ipsos poll conducted between October 16 –18 2024, on behalf of Quill Inc. November 11, 2024. link= https://podnews.net/press-release/2024-podcasting-marketing-trust
89 ; ‘even Fox wasn’t enough ; Garcia-Navarro, Lulu. "The Interview: Megyn Kelly Is Embracing Her Bias and Rejecting the ‘Old Rules’." The New York Times Magazine, March 29, 2025. link= https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/29/magazine/megyn-kelly-interview.html
90 ; ‘average Americans don’t have the time ; Tani, Max. "Why Trump and Kennedy Are Chasing Jessica Reed Kraus." Semafor, February 25, 2024. link= https://www.semafor.com/article/02/25/2024/why-trump-and-kennedy-are-chasing-jessica-reed-kraus
90 ; ‘You’re not a hostess at Hooters, ; Kennedy. "You're not a hostess at Hooters, you work at the White House! KENNEDY's maternal warning to the scantily clad correspondent moaning about her 'fashion' critics." Daily Mail. Feburary 1, 2025 link= https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-14348117/Natalie-Winters-white-house-correspondent-KENNEDY.html
91 ; ‘reality journalism’ ; Peters, Jeremy W. "A Pro-Trump Conspiracy Theorist, a False Tweet and a Runaway Story". The New York Times. June 10, 2017 link= https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/10/us/politics/comey-fake-news-twitter-posobiec.html
92 ; ‘I’m not famous, I’m just popular,’ ; Jones, CT. "How Food Critic Keith Lee Went From MMA Fighter to TikTok Star." Rolling Stone. June 2, 2024. link= https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/keith-lee-food-critic-tiktok-1235030611/
93 ; Forbes magazine estimated YouTuber MrBeast ; Bertoni, Steven, Zoya Hasan and Alexandra York. "Forbes Top Creators 2025." Forbes, June 16, 2025. link= https://www.forbes.com/sites/stevenbertoni/2025/06/16/forbes-top-creators-2025/
93 ; advertising income from influencer content ; "Mid-Year Global Advertising Forecast 2025." This Year Next Year Report. WPP Media. June 10, 2025. link= https://www.wppmedia.com/news/tyny-midyear-2025
93 ; ‘they give the illusion of face-to-face relationship ; Horton, Donald, and R. Richard Wohl. "Mass Communication and Para-Social Interaction: Observations on Intimacy at a Distance." Psychiatry 19, no. 3 (1956): 215-229. link= https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1956.11023049
95 ; 70 per cent of Australian teenage girls ; "A Teen Perspective: Health Messages and Social Media." RCH National Child Health Poll. The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne. August 13, 2025. link= https://rchpoll.org.au/polls/a-teen-perspective-health-messages-and-social-media/
97 ; ‘not disenfranchised or working class ; Colyar, Brock. "The Cruel Kids' Table." New York Magazine (Intelligencer). January 27, 2025. link= https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/inauguration-trump-supporters-conservative-movement-post-maga.html
98 ; ‘For These 20-Somethings, ; McKinley, Jesse. "For These 20-Somethings, Trump ‘Is Making It Sexy’ to Be Republican." The New York Times, February 13, 2025. link= https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/13/style/trump-maga-youth-republicans.html
103 ; ‘the queen of the tradwives’ ; Agnew, Megan. "Meet the queen of the ‘trad wives’ (and her eight children)." The Sunday Times Magazine. July 20, 2024. link= https://www.thetimes.com/magazines/the-sunday-times-magazine/article/meet-the-queen-of-the-trad-wives-and-her-eight-children-plfr50cgk
110 ; ‘What is masculinity now? ; @mattxiv. X post, Mar 23, 2025. URL: x.com/mattxiv/status/1903541433690362035. link= https://x.com/mattxiv/status/1903541433690362035
111 ; 35 per cent of British men under thirty-five ; Women as Workplace Leaders - Kantar Media Report 2025. Kantar Media, March 6, 2025. link= https://landing.kantarmedia.com/hubfs/TGI%20UK/Women%20as%20Leaders%20-%20Kantar%20Media%20Report%202025.pdf
112 ; a 21 point gap between Gen Z women ; International Women's Day 2025 Ipsos for King's College London Global Institute for Women's Leadership. March 2025. link= https://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/gen-z-men-and-women-most-divided-on-gender-equality-global-study-shows
112 ; ‘a woman’s place is in the home’ ; Women as Workplace Leaders - Kantar Media Report 2025. link= https://www.kantarmedia.com/news-and-resources/how-the-shifting-attitudes-of-young-men-risks-stalling-progress-on-female-leadership-and-how-these-minds-can-be-changed
113 ; A 2023 UK survey by Hope Not Hate ; State of Hate 2023: Rhetoric, Racism and Resentment. Hope Not Hate, February 26, 2023. link= https://hopenothate.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/state-of-hate-2023-v7-1.pdf
114 ; ‘You can't slander me ; "My Life as a Pimp - Andrew Tate Tells His Life Story." Anything Goes With James English. Podcast audio. June 20, 2021. link= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fhUi1htVeJc
115 ; ‘I was shocked at how much of Jamie ; "‘The younger me would have sat up and nodded’: Adolescence writer Jack Thorne on the insidious appeal of incel culture." The Guardian, March 18, 2025. link= https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2025/mar/18/adolescence-writer-jack-thorne-incel-culture-netflix
117 ; ‘downloadable from his weblog’ ; Hammersley, Ben. "Audible revolution." The Guardian, February 12, 2004. link= https://www.theguardian.com/media/2004/feb/12/broadcasting.digitalmedia
118 ; ‘unleash a format that can be used for dubious means ; "Big News." WTF with Marc Maron Podcast (blog). June 2, 2025. link= https://www.wtfpod.com/dispatches/big-news
120 ; ‘But if the bro-casters lack ; Hirschorn, Michael. "The Achingly Simple Lesson That Democrats Seem Determined Not to Learn." The New York Times, June 10, 2025. link= https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/10/opinion/democrats-liberal-podcasters.html?smid=nytcore-android-share
121 ; ‘No company has failed harder at breaking free ; Schwartz, Ben. "The Daily Wire’s Doomed Quest for Pop-Culture Relevance." The Nation. May 23, 2025. link= https://www.thenation.com/article/culture/ben-shapiro-daily-wire-mike-richards-angel-studios/
122 ; They reviewed 1,300 hours of footage ; Alba, Davey et al. "The Second Trump Presidency, Brought to You by YouTubers." Bloomberg. January 23, 2025. link= https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2025-youtube-podcast-men-for-trump/?accessToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzb3VyY2UiOiJTdWJzY3JpYmVyR2lmdGVkQXJ0aWNsZSIsImlhdCI6MTczNzU2MzY3MiwiZXhwIjoxNzM4MTY4NDcyLCJhcnRpY2xlSWQiOiJTUUhRVDFUMEcxS1cwMCIsImJjb25uZWN0SWQiOiJFOURENjUxQUFBN0Q0MEFFQUU2QzRGMTY2Q0JCRkJFNCJ9.EP-v5omaWQ1PazzjqxyX31wdu9AqnoiYSspezhPbuk8&embedded-checkout=true
122 ; ‘reviewed 12 supposedly nonpolitical online shows’ ; Winstanley, Jack and Shelby Jamerson. "Right-Leaning Online Shows Claiming to Be Nonpolitical Pushed Pro-Trump Messaging." Media Matters for America. April 21, 2024. link= https://www.mediamatters.org/google/right-leaning-online-shows-claiming-be-nonpolitical-pushed-pro-trump-messaging-during
122 ; The 2024 Podcast Marketing Trust Index Report ; 2024 Podcast Marketing Trust Index Report link= https://www.quillpodcasting.com/downloads/podcast-marketing-trust-index
123 ; the proportion of young men listening ; The Infinite Dial 2024. Edison Research, March 28, 2024. link= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-10-17/why-the-2024-us-presidential-election-is-playing-out-via-top-podcasts?srnd=undefined
124 ; down 32 per cent from the previous month ; Rose McFall, Marni. "Joe Rogan Dethroned by Anti-Trump Podcast in the Charts." Newsweek. February 18, 2025. link= https://www.newsweek.com/joe-rogan-dethroned-meidas-touch-podcast-donald-trump-2032673
125 ; downstream from politics ; Cadwalladr, Carole. "‘I made Steve Bannon’s psychological warfare tool’: meet the data war whistleblower." The Guardian, March 17, 2018. link= https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/mar/17/data-war-whistleblower-christopher-wylie-faceook-nix-bannon-trump
PART 3: ANGERTAINMENT
;HISTORY OF OUTRAGE ;
130 ; Fox News increased the number of segments ; Tsipis, Pete & Alyssa Tirrell. "Fox News Significantly Boosts Coverage of Trans Athletes in Weeks Before Election." Media Matters for America. October 29, 2024. link= https://www.mediamatters.org/fox-news/fox-news-significantly-boosts-coverage-trans-athletes-weeks-election
130 ; a whopping 60 per cent of Fox News’ ; Tirrell, Alyssa. "Fox News Outstripped CNN and MSNBC in First Month Covering Trump's Anti-Trans Executive Orders." Media Matters for America. March 11, 2025. link= https://www.mediamatters.org/fox-news/fox-news-outstripped-cnn-and-msnbc-first-month-covering-trumps-anti-trans-executive-orders
130 ; more than $20 million on anti- LGBTQIA+ television ads ; Alfonseca, Kiara, and Soo Rin Kim. "Trump and allies are pouring millions into anti-trans election ads as election nears." ABC News, October 21, 2024. link= https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-spends-millions-anti-trans-ads-despite-polls/story?id=115001816
130 ; Gallup poll ; "2024 Presidential Election Fall Benchmark", Gallup Poll conducted September 16-28, 2024. link= https://news.gallup.com/poll/651719/economy-important-issue-2024-presidential-vote.aspx
132 ; For having wronged his Majesty’s prerogative ; "Declaration of Nathaniel Bacon in the Name of the People of Virginia, July 30, 1676." Massachusetts Historical Society Collections, 4th ser., vol. 9 (1871): 184-87.
133 ; A detailed analysis of the village records ; Boyer, Paul, and Stephen Nissenbaum. Salem Possessed: The Social Origins of Witchcraft. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1974, 32. link= https://www.google.com/books/edition/Salem_Possessed/lSgtq5rZUkEC?q=%22mortal+conflict%22&gbpv=1#f=false p32
139 ; Jon Ronson tried to comfort her ; Ronson, Jon. "How One Stupid Tweet Blew Up Justine Sacco's Life." The New York Times Magazine, February 12, 2015. link= https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/15/magazine/how-one-stupid-tweet-ruined-justine-saccos-life.html
142 ; ‘We are inundated with more speech ; The Daily Show. Comedy Central, May 21, 2024. link= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WwyyttqvE04
142 ; Reuters counted ‘more than 600 ; Satter, Raphael and A.J. Vicens. "The Charlie Kirk Purge: How 600 Americans Were Punished in Pro-Trump Crackdown." Reuters, November 19, 2025. link= https://www.reuters.com/investigations/charlie-kirk-purge-how-600-americans-were-punished-pro-trump-crackdown-2025-11-19/
143 ; ‘“Anyone who opposes us is an adversary,” ; Wynn-Williams, Sarah. Careless People: A Cautionary Tale of Power, Greed, and Lost Idealism. Flatiron Books, 2025. link= https://www.panmacmillan.com.au/9781035065936/
143 ; Seeing Donald Trump ; "Meet The New Mark Zuckerberg." The Circuit with Emily Chang. Bloomberg Originals. YouTube Video, July 24, 2024. link= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YuIc4mq7zMU
145 ; analysis of TikTok’s recommendations ; Ibrahim, Hazem et al. "TikTok’s recommendations skewed towards Republican content during the 2024 U.S. presidential race." arXiv, arXiv:2501.17831v1, January 29, 2025. link= https://arxiv.org/html/2501.17831v1
145 ; a staggering 78 per cent of the content ; "TikTok and X Recommend Pro-AfD Content to Non-Partisan Users Ahead of the German Elections." Global Witness, February 20, 2025. link= https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/digital-threats/tiktok-and-x-recommend-pro-afd-content-to-non-partisan-users-ahead-of-the-german-elections/
146 ; ‘those who have spent time ; Mathews, Jessica. "Silicon Valley’s ‘red pill’ moment: How Trump’s victory is transforming one of America’s bluest towns." Fortune, March 6, 2025. link= https://fortune.com/2025/03/06/silicon-valley-maga-changes-after-trump-victory-dei-founders-startups-venture-doge/
;ECONOMIES OF OUTRAGE ;
148 ; ‘I realised that videos really blow up ; Anderson, Hannah, and Hannah King. "What Is Rage Bait? Influencers Making People Angry." Rolling Stone. link= https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/what-is-rage-bait-influencers-making-people-angry-1234976621/
150 ; ‘He’s a Master of Outrage on X. ; Thompson, Stuart A. "He’s a Master of Outrage on X. The Pay Isn’t Great.." The New York Times, June 6, 2025. link= https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/06/technology/x-right-wing-influencer.html
153 ; ‘They just wanted to go viral and be famous,’ ; Kesvani, Hussein. "Plain Lunatics, All Taking Their Turn At The Rostrum" in "Everything's Debateslop Now." Garbage Day. September 23, 2025 link= https://www.garbageday.email/p/everything-s-debateslop-now
154 ; The parties are never on an equal footing… ; Tenbarge, Kat. "Mainstream Media Surrenders to Conservative Influencers." Spitfire News, September 15, 2025. link= https://spitfirenews.com/p/mainstream-media-surrenders-to-conservative-influencers
155 ; Jubilee is ‘the memeification of politics’. ; de Guzman, Chad. "'Memeification of Politics': What to Know About Jubilee Media's Viral Debate Show Surrounded." TIME, July 22, 2025. link= https://time.com/7304339/jubilee-media-surrounded-viral-debate-show-criticisms-mehdi-hasan-fascist/
156 ; A growing body of research ; Hans, Namit, and Shikha Rai. "Outrage as Language of Social Media Discourse: Analysing Prevalence and Effects." International Journal of Communication Development 12, no. 3-4, January-June 2022. link= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371867741_Outrage_as_Language_of_Social_Media_Discourse_Analysing_Prevalence_and_Effects
157 ; ‘horrifying, alarming, but not ; Shiffman, John, Ned Parker and Linda So. "Nation on Edge: Experts Warn of Vicious Spiral of Political Violence After Kirk Killing." Reuters, September 11, 2025. link= https://www.reuters.com/world/us/nation-edge-experts-warn-vicious-spiral-political-violence-after-kirk-killing-2025-09-11/
158 ; ‘”What’s Candace Owens doing ; Hogue, Ilyse. "Shocking Reemergence of Candace Owens." The Bulwark. March 21, 2025. link= https://www.thebulwark.com/p/shocking-reemergence-of-candace-owens-blake-lively-justin-baldoni-ryan-reynolds-daily-wire
159 ; Fox News, CNN, and MSNBC combined. ; Bernstein, Matt. "How Candace Owens Left Reality." A Bit Fruity with Matt Bernstein. Podcast audio, January 9, 2026. link= https://podcasts.apple.com/au/podcast/how-candace-owens-left-reality/id1693739175?i=1000744428109
159 ; ‘misogyny slop’. ; Rose, Steve. "'It's the misogyny slop ecosystem!' How Candace Owens and the American right declared war on Blake Lively." The Guardian, May 6, 2025. link= https://www.theguardian.com/film/2025/may/06/misogyny-slop-it-ends-with-us-america-rightwing-blake-lively-justin-baldoni
159 ; ‘more than 80% of pro-Justin Baldoni posts are ‘inorganic’, ; "'It's the misogyny slop ecosystem!'" The Guardian. link= https://www.theguardian.com/film/2025/may/06/misogyny-slop-it-ends-with-us-america-rightwing-blake-lively-justin-baldoni
160 ; ‘the MAHA movement is the new gateway drug’ ; Kelly, Makena, Jake Lahut and Elisa Muyl. "The 22 Very Online Upstarts Changing the Face of Politics." Wired, September 24, 2025. link= https://www.wired.com/story/wired-2025-political-power-users/
160 ; She told Australia’s ABC— ; Day, Lauren and Cameron Schwarz. "Why Donald Trump, Elon Musk and JD Vance want to 'make America procreate again' through pronatalism." ABC News, July 30, 2025. link= https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-07-30/americas-pronatalism-movement-driven-by-trump-musk-vance/105582208
;FLOODS OF OUTRAGE ;
167 ; ‘Legitimately curious ... has anyone ; @briantylercohen X post. July 30, 2025. URL: x.com/briantylercohen/status/1950985968477249777 link= https://x.com/briantylercohen/status/1950985968477249777
167 ; ‘I usually pick episode topics ; Bernstein, Matt. "Sydney Sweeney and the Outrage Machine." A Bit Fruity with Matt Bernstein. Podcast audio. August 23, 2025. link= https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/sydney-sweeney-and-the-outrage-machine/id1693739175?i=1000723067259
168 ; the online storm didn’t pick up ; Bensinger, Ken and Stuart A. Thompson. "How the Right Shaped the Debate Over the Sydney Sweeney Ads." The New York Times, August 7, 2025. link= https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/07/business/sydney-sweeney-ad-right-wing-media.html
169 ; ‘A/B testing your anti-woke meltdown’, ; Bumas, Adam. "A/B Testing Your Anti-Woke Meltdown." Garbage Day. Aug 26, 2025 link= https://www.garbageday.email/p/a-b-testing-your-anti-woke-meltdown-e1a04224ffbb38b6
170 ; ‘infested with left- wing activists ; Starbuck, Robby. "Exposed: Cracker Barrel Went Woke — It’s About More Than A Logo! 🔥." YouTube Video. August 24, 2025 link= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1VQ5SHRR5jU
171 ; One analysis found 21 per cent ; Baruchin, Rotem. "How Fake Profiles Amplified Cracker Barrel’s $100M Logo Crisis." Cyabra (blog). August 27, 2025 link= https://cyabra.com/blog/21-fake-profiles-engineered-cracker-barrels-10-5-million-logo-crisis/
171 ; half of the entirety of internet traffic in 2024 ; Lutz, Ashley and Nick Lichtenberg"The AI boom is now bigger than the ’90s dotcom bubble—and it’s built on the backs of bots, maybe more than real users." Fortune, July 22, 2025. link= https://fortune.com/2025/07/22/is-artificial-intelligence-ai-bubble-bots-over-50-percent-internet/
172 ; An estimated 75 per cent of traffic is now fake ; Binder, Matt. "The majority of traffic from Elon Musk's X may have been fake during the Super Bowl, report suggests." Mashable. February 16, 2024 link= https://mashable.com/article/x-twitter-elon-musk-bots-fake-traffic
172 ; ‘One moment I’m on the phone ; Broadwater, Luke. "Trump’s ‘Flood the Zone’ Strategy Leaves Opponents Gasping in Outrage." The New York Times, January 28, 2025. link= https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/28/us/politics/trump-policy-blitz.html
173 ; ‘days of thunder’. ; Ward, Myah. "‘Days of thunder’: Steve Bannon on the second coming of the Trump administration." Politico, January 14, 2025. link= https://www.politico.com/news/2025/01/14/bannon-second-trump-administration-00198197
174 ; Miller has admitted as much ; Swan, Jonathan, Maggie Haberman, David A. Fahrenthold and Charlie Savage. "Stephen Miller, Channeling Trump, Has Built More Power Than Ever." The New York Times, January 16, 2025. link= https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/16/us/politics/stephen-miller-trump.html
174 ; ‘a stratospherically elite clique of rich, ; MacCallum, Mungo. "Advance Australia - Where." The Monthly. November 26, 2018. link= https://www.themonthly.com.au/blog/advance-australia-where
175 ; ‘one of the dumbest ideas I’ve seen in politics’. ; @troybramston. X post, April 9, 2019. URL: x.com/TroyBramston/status/1115421414624911360. link= https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/apr/09/captain-getup-conservative-groups-satirical-superhero-debuts-to-ridicule
177 ; there's a new type of politics ; Elliott, Tim. "Copied the MAGA Model: The Grassroots Lobby Group Funded by Some of Australia's Richest." The Sydney Morning Herald - Good Weekend, April 18, 2025. link= https://www.smh.com.au/national/copied-the-maga-model-the-grassroots-lobby-group-funded-by-some-of-australia-s-richest-20250408-p5lq6k.html
;MERCHANTS OF OUTRAGE ;
184 ; 72 per cent of Australians wanted more ; "Australians Want More National Parks." Biodiversity Council / Monash University’s BehaviourWorks Australia. February, 11 2025 link= https://biodiversitycouncil.org.au/news/australians-want-more-national-parks
187 ; ‘woke companies trying to change the country ; Johnson, Benny. "Exclusive: DeSantis Joins Bud Light Boycott, DESTROYS Dylan Mulvaney|'Who Wants To Drink Bud Light?'." YouTube Video. April 19, 2023. link= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ezcpu3bjHPY
189 ; ‘ Frankly, they don’t participate in the same ; Trump Jr, Donald. "Pro-Trump Twitter Icon Catturd Comes Out of the Litter Box for an Exclusive Interview." Rumble Video. April 13, 2023. link= https://rumble.com/v2i0pjo-pro-trump-twitter-icon-catturd-comes-out-of-the-litter-box-for-an-exclusive.html
189 ; ‘[The CEO’s] a great guy … ; Rogan, Joe. "Kid Rock Reflects on Viral Bud Light Video." YouTube Video. February 23, 2024 link= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wMVNyF-0mxI
194 ; ‘Fans pile on sportswear giants NEED THIS? ; Raskin, Alex. "Fans pile on sportswear giants and insist brand DROPS Olympic icon Simone Biles over trans controversy." Daily Mail. June 8, 2025. link= https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/othersports/article-14791007/Simone-Biles-Olympic-icon-trans-controversy.html
195 ; ‘The bulk of the American citizenry is ; Fiorina, Morris P, Samuel J. Abrams, Jeremy C. Pope. Culture War? The Myth of a Polarized America. NY: Pearson Longman. 2005 link= https://politicalscience.stanford.edu/publications/culture-war-myth-polarized-america-3rd-edition
196 ; in full support ; Olohan, Mary Margaret. "I Left There With No Trophy: NCAA Female Swimmer Who Tied for Fifth With Trans Athlete Says Officials Put Lia Thomas Ahead of Her." The Daily Wire. March 23, 2022. link= https://www.dailywire.com/news/i-left-there-with-no-trophy-ncaa-female-swimmer-who-tied-for-fifth-with-trans-athlete-says-officials-put-lia-thomas-ahead-of-her
196 ; unmasked by some excellent ; Lorenz, Taylor. "Meet the woman behind Libs of TikTok, secretly fueling the right’s outrage machine." The Washington Post, April 19, 2022. link= https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/04/19/libs-of-tiktok-right-wing-media/
197 ; ‘They’re usually smug about it, ; Lewak, Doree. "From mask-shaming to bad teachers, mystery woman exposes ‘Lefty lunacy’ on ‘Libs of TikTok’." New York Post, February 2, 2022. link= https://nypost.com/2022/02/02/the-mystery-woman-behind-the-viral-libs-of-tik-tok-account/
197 ; NBC News counted ; Ingram, David. "After Libs of TikTok posted, at least 21 bomb threats followed." NBC News. February 8, 2024. link= https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/internet/libs-tiktok-x-chaya-raichik-bomb-threat-twitter-of-libsoftiktok-rcna102784
199 ; because they have this kind of star ; Jones, Tom. "Behind Taylor Lorenz’s ‘painful, agonizing’ interview of the Libs of TikTok activist." Poynter, February 26, 2024. link= https://www.poynter.org/commentary/2024/taylor-lorenz-chaya-raichik-libs-tiktok-interview/
201 ; over 40 per cent of male ‘women’s safety’ protestors ; Murray, Nic and Rajeev Syal. "Two in Five Arrested for Last Summer's UK Riots Had Been Reported for Domestic Abuse." The Guardian, July 26, 2025. link= https://www.theguardian.com/society/2025/jul/26/two-in-five-arrested-for-last-summers-uk-riots-had-been-reported-for-domestic-abuse
202 ; Amnesty International credited Musk ; "UK: Technical explainer on X’s recommender system and the 2024 racist riots. Report EUR 45/0618/2025." Amnesty International, August 6, 2025. link= https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur45/0618/2025/en/
202 ; : ‘Our goal is to create a situation in which ; Angelos, James, Pauline von Pezold and Nette Nöstlinger. "German Far-Right's Strategy For Seizing Power: Foment US-Style Polarization." Politico Europe. July 8, 2025. link= https://www.politico.eu/article/german-far-right-strategy-seizing-power-foment-us-style-polarization/
202 ; ‘these narratives are not random— ; Hornsey, Matthew, et al. "Submission 126 to Senate Select Committee on Information Integrity on Climate Change and Energy." University of Queensland, 2025. link= https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=f948945c-d79d-4dce-8dea-cf34b0e55211&subId=778505
207 ; 84 per cent of the posts on Facebook about wind energy ; Berger, Ilana. "Misinformation About Recent Whale Deaths Dominated Discussions Offshore Wind Energy On Facebook." Media Matters for America. March 23, 2023. link= https://www.mediamatters.org/facebook/misinformation-about-recent-whale-deaths-dominated-discussions-offshore-wind-energy
208 ; Analysis from Brown University ; Slevin, Isaac, William Kattrup, and Timmons Roberts. “Against the Wind: A Map of the Anti-Offshore Wind Network in the Eastern United States.” The Climate and Development Lab, Brown University. December, 2023 link= https://www.climatedevlab.brown.edu/post/against-the-wind-a-map-of-the-anti-offshore-wind-network-in-the-eastern-united-states
209 ; 459 counties and municipalities in nearly every state in the US ; Eisenson, Matthew et al. "Opposition to Renewable Energy Facilities in the United States: June 2025 Edition", Sabin Center for Climate Change Law, Columbia Law School. June 2025 link= https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1252&context=sabin_climate_change
210 ; US passed 125 anti-trans bills ; "Passed Bills 2025." Trans Legislation Tracker, 2025. link= https://translegislation.com/bills/2025/passed
211 ; Researchers at Climate Nexus found ; Funes, Yessenia. "Fossil Fuel Billionaires Are Bankrolling the Anti-Trans Movement." Atmos. June 10, 2025. link= https://atmos.earth/political-landscapes/fossil-fuel-billionaires-are-bankrolling-the-anti-trans-movement/
212 ; 10 Ways Fossil Fuels Improve Our Daily Lives ; 10 Ways Fossil Fuels Improve Our Daily Lives link= https://cdn.tpusa.com/assets/books/10WaysFossilFuelsImproveOurDailyLives.pdf
214 ; found her tax returns ; Akhmedova, Yulia. "Тикток-свита/Under the influence: How foreign bloggers are stealthily promoting the image of a ‘free and safe’ Russia on the Kremlin‘s dime." Novaya Gazeta Europe, February 22, 2025. link= https://novayagazeta.eu/articles/2025/02/12/tiktok-svita
214 ; She lists her occupation ; Antonova, Natalia. "Meet Propagandist Alexandra Jost." The Normie Restoration. June 13, 2025. link= https://nataliaantonova.substack.com/p/meet-propagandist-alexandra-jost
214 ; a Russian spy ; Nikolaeva, Rina, Anastasia Korotkova and Dmitry Velikovsky. "Пропаганда на экспорт/Propaganda for Export." iStories (with OCCRP and Der Standard). March 13, 2025. link= https://www.occrp.org/en/investigation/banned-russian-channel-rt-secretly-pays-video-bloggers-who-promote-kremlin-narratives https://istories.media/en/stories/2025/03/13/propaganda-for-export/
216 ; ‘Cartoons—60 units ; Morozova Anastasiia and Marta Vunš. "Leaked Files from Putin’s Troll Factory: How Russia Manipulated European Elections." VSquare/Delfi Estonia. September 16, 2024. link= https://vsquare.org/leaked-files-putin-troll-factory-russia-european-elections-factory-of-fakes/ https://www.justice.gov/d9/2024-09/doppelganger_affidavit_9.4.24.pdf
217 ; ‘chose influencers who were already engaging ; Lee Myers, Steven, Ken Bensinger and Jim Rutenberg. "Russia Secretly Worms Its Way Into America’s Conservative Media." The New York Times, September 7, 2024. link= https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/07/business/media/russia-tenet-media-tim-pool.html
217 ; Israel did the same. ; Axelrod, Tal. "Israel courts MAGA influencers amid Gaza backlash." Axios, August 14, 2025. link= https://www.axios.com/2025/08/14/israel-maga-republicans-gaza-trump
217 ; Esther Project ; Zakaria, Sherouk and Zaira Lakhpatwala. "How PR firms are whitewashing genocide in Gaza to rebrand Israel’s global image." Arab News. October 4, 2025. link= https://www.arabnews.com/node/2617797/media
PART 4: ANTIDOTE
;BEHAVIOUR ;
224 ; ‘I can't STAND the word empathy, ; Charlie Kirk, The Charlie Kirk Show, October 12, 2022 link= https://rumble.com/v1nnu66-dont-believe-your-lying-eyes-everything-is-fine-bannon-sheriff-lamb-patel-w.html
225 ; ‘I was searching for the nature of evil ; Likely apocryphal, Glibert's character says this in: Simoneau, Yves, dir. Nuremberg (Miniseries). Written by David W. Rintels. Turner Network Television, 2000.
225 ; three studies in 2024 ; Kessler, Daniel, Dimitra Dimitrakopoulou, and Deb Roy. "Hearing Personal Experiences Improves Social Evaluations Compared to Personal Opinions, Especially for Polarized Parties." Available at SSRN, December 5, 2023. link= https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4978495
226 ; experiences overcome them ; Kubin, Emily, C. Puryear, C. Schein, and K. Gray. "Personal Experiences Bridge Moral and Political Divides Better Than Facts." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 6 (2021) link= https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2008389118
226 ; In 2015 another group of researchers ; Bruneau, Emile G., Mina Cikara and Rebecca Saxe. "Minding the Gap: Narrative Descriptions about Mental States Attenuate Parochial Empathy." PLOS ONE 10(10) 2015. link= https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0140838
229 ; One study showed how in South Florida, ; Broockman, David, and Joshua Kalla. "Durably Reducing Transphobia: A Field Experiment on Door-to-Door Canvassing." Science. 352, 220-224, 2016. link= https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aad9713
229 ; Seeds of Peace has brought Israeli ; Schroeder, Juliana, and Jane L. Risen. "Befriending the Enemy: Outgroup Friendship Longitudinally Predicts Intergroup Attitudes in a Coexistence Program for Israelis and Palestinians." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 19, no. 1: 72-93. 2016. link= https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1368430214542257
230 ; radicalised Islamist youths in Spain ; Hamid, Nafees, et al. "Neuroimaging 'Will to Fight' for Sacred Values: An Empirical Case Study with Supporters of an Al Qaeda Associate." Royal Society Open Science 6: 181585. 2019. link= https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.181585
230 ; Tutsis and Hutus didn’t necessarily ; Paluck, Elizabeth Levy. "Reducing intergroup prejudice and conflict using the media: A field experiment in Rwanda." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(3), 574–587. 2009. link= https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2009-02415-005
231 ; Only 18 per cent of Americans ; "July 18 - 21, 2025 Economist/YouGov Poll" YouGov, July 2025. link= https://today.yougov.com/politics/articles/52631-donald-trump-joe-biden-job-approval-ukraine-aid-russia-jeffrey-epstein-public-broadcasting-pbs-npr-july-18-21-2025-economist-yougov-poll
232 ; they could spread reductions in negative emotions ; Pinus, Micheal et al. "Emotion regulation contagion drives reduction in negative intergroup emotions." Nature Communications. 16:1387. 2025. link= https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/emotion%20regulation%20contagion_a522c5f3-f322-4540-a620-541f1d987079.pdf
;NARRATIVE ;
237 ; Jameela Jamil told the UK’s What’s Left? podcast, ; "We're Addicted to Ragebait - Jameela Jamil". What's Left? With Jovan + Freddie. Podcast audio. September 9, 2025. link= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_-xC6gETYY
239 ; destroyed at the end of it all ; Nietzsche, F., The Use and Abuse of History, (1873–76) trans. Adrian Collis, Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis, 1957, p. 42
241 ; you could reduce bias between groups ; Martinez, Joel E et al. “Narratives Shape Cognitive Representations of Immigrants and Immigration-Policy Preferences.” Psychological Science vol. 32,2: 135-152. 2021. link= https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33439794/
242 ; the same five key narratives for a century ; Westervelt, Amy. "The Fossil Fuel Industry Hasn't Come Up With a New Story in 100 Years, Why Do Climate Folks Find It So Hard to Keep Up?" Drilled, June 26, 2025. link= https://drilled.media/news/petroganda-narratives
244 ; ‘curiosity promotes open‐minded engagement ; Kahan, Dan M., et al. "Science Curiosity and Political Information Processing." Political Psychology 38: 179-199. 2017. link= https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pops.12396
245 ; ProPublica tracked the way ; Davis, Rob. "How the Rapid Spread of Misinformation Pushed Oregon Lawmakers to Kill the State’s Wildfire Risk Map." ProPublica. August 7, 2025. link= https://www.propublica.org/article/oregon-wildfire-risk-map-rural-homeowners
;IDEAS ;
249 ; ‘You can’t reverse into a mission and values through marketing . ; Rogers, Charlotte. "Patagonia on Why Brands 'Can't Reverse Into Purpose' Through Marketing." Marketing Week, July 18, 2018 link= https://www.marketingweek.com/patagonia-you-cant-reverse-into-values-through-marketing/
249 ; Now if you went before the American people ; "Bernie Sanders Address to School Without Walls Senior High School" Students & Leaders. Comcast / C-SPAN. May 21, 2003 link= https://www.c-span.org/clip/public-affairs-event/user-clip-2003-representative-bernie-sanders-i-vt-spoke-to-high-school-students-about-the-value-of-public-service-the-political-processa-student-asks-why-does-the-us-overthrow-governments/4838023
251 ; ‘If the people who were supposed to fix ; "Parks and Demonstration." The Daily Show, October 5, 2011. link= https://web.archive.org/web/20111007041416/http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/wed-october-5-2011/parks-and-demonstration?xrs=share_copy
252 ; Can anyone become a billionaire? ; Peterson, Lars. "3 Ways to Make $1 Billion—One You Might Be Able to Do in Your Lifetime." Investopedia. March 23, 2025 link= https://www.investopedia.com/ways-to-make-one-billion-one-you-might-be-able-to-do-in-your-lifetime-8759619
253 ; the deaths of at least 21,300 people ; Ahmed, Nabil et al. "Inequality Kills Report" Oxfam International. January, 2022. link= https://www.oxfam.org/en/5-shocking-facts-about-extreme-global-inequality-and-how-even-it
254 ; link between income inequality and support for ; Gu, Yanfeng, and Zhongyuan Wang. "Income Inequality and Global Political Polarization: The Economic Origin of Political Polarization in the World." Journal of Chinese Political Science I 27, no. 2: 375-398. 2022. link= https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11366-021-09772-1
254 ; this leads them to support candidates ; Baccini, Leonardo, and Stephen Weymouth. "Gone For Good: Deindustrialization, White Voter Backlash, and US Presidential Voting." American Political Science Review 115, no. 2: 550-67. 2021. link= https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055421000022.
259 ; people who support abortion? ; Weededn, Jason. "If being routinely liberal or conservative is a human universal, why is it true only of recent college-educated whites?" We the Pleeple. June 30, 2014. link= https://www.pleeps.org/files/lege-educated-whites_uhu76v7eqhe0dwvrqu3efc/
259 ; the less someone knew about the political spectrum, ; Weeden, Jason and Robert Kurzban. "Do People Naturally Cluster into Liberals and Conservatives?". Evolutionary Psychological Science 2, 47–57, 2016. link= https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40806-015-0036-2
259 ; ‘right wing ideology’ strongly predicted ; Mason, Lilliana. "Ideologues without Issues: The Polarizing Consequences of Ideological Identities", Public Opinion Quarterly, v82 S1: 866–887, 2018. link= https://academic.oup.com/poq/article/82/S1/866/4951269
260 ; ‘less an ideological destination than a refuge ; Kinder, Donald R., and Nathan P. Kalmoe. Neither Liberal nor Conservative: Ideological Innocence in the American Public. University of Chicago Press, 2017. link= https://www.amazon.com/Neither-Liberal-nor-Conservative-Ideological/dp/022645245X
260 ; ‘There is no creature more revered ; Klein, Ezra. "No one’s less moderate than moderates." Vox, February 26, 2015. link= https://web.archive.org/web/20170512140216/https://www.vox.com/2014/7/8/5878293/lets-stop-using-the-word-moderate
260-261 ; [polling stats] ; "July 4-7, 2025 Economist/YouGov Poll" YouGov. July 9, 2025 link= https://d3nkl3psvxxpe9.cloudfront.net/documents/econTabReport_haeOEK5.pdf
; ; "What tax reforms would Britons support?" YouGov UK, October 23, 2025 link= https://yougov.com/en-gb/articles/53245-what-tax-reforms-would-britons-support
; ; "Polling – Housing and a double dissolution." The Australia Institute. August, 2023. link= https://australiainstitute.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Polling-brief-Housing-and-a-double-dissolution-Web.pdf
261 ; ‘the idea that all bias is some deviation ; Solnit, Rebecca. "Stop Glorifying 'Centrism'. It Is an Insidious Bias Favoring an Unjust Status Quo." The Guardian, May 28, 2021. link= https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/may/28/centrism-insidious-bias-unjust-status-quo
262 ; ‘the Ku Klux Klanner but the white moderate, ; King, Martin Luther, Jr. "Letter from a Birmingham Jail." April 16, 1963.
;CULTURE ;
263 ; ‘media spinners turned to self-obsessed ; Di Stefano, Mark and Hannah Wootton. "Influencers v has-beens turns the budget into a showdown." The Australian Financial Review, March 25, 2025. link= https://www.afr.com/rear-window/influencers-vs-has-beens-in-a-pre-budget-special-20250325-p5lmfv
265 ; The political establishment had conniptions. ; ‘Joe Rogan’s Latest Guest Might Turn Texas Blue,’ link= https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2025/07/19/james-talarico-texas-democrat-joe-rogan-interview-00441989
;; ‘A Joe Rogan- Blessed Democrat? James Talarico Draws Eyes of a Party Desperate For New Leaders’ link= https://time.com/7304119/joe-rogan-james-talarico/
;; ‘Meet the Texas Democrat Who Earned Joe Rogan’s Presidential Nod,’ link= https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a65627525/james-talarico-texas-democrat-christian-joe-rogan/
;; ‘Joe Rogan anoints a new progressive star,’ link= https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/ng-interactive/2025/jul/23/james-talarico-texas-joe-rogan
266 ; Buzzfeed called him ‘woke bae’ ; Holt, Brianna. "The Woke Bae On Your Facebook Feed Has A Name, Hasan Piker." BuzzFeed. May 29, 2017 link= https://www.buzzfeed.com/briannaholt/the-woke-bae-on-your-facebook-feed-has-a-name-hasan-piker
266 ; at no point was I ; Marantz, Andrew. "The Battle for the Bros" The New Yorker. March 17, 2025. link= https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2025/03/24/the-battle-for-the-bros
268 ; ‘But culture-wise? Vibe-wise? ; "Andrew Schulz Was Quick to See Hypocrisy in This Interview", The New York Times: 'The Interview' Podcast. 21 Jun 2025 link= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bnsN7GiCOYE
271 ; ‘We’re always self-deprecating, ; Shanfeld, Ethan. "It’s Almost Friday! How Meme Account Friday Beers Recruited Creators, Built a Studio and Became the Future of Comedy." Variety, February 6, 2025. link= https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/what-is-friday-beers-meme-account-comedy-1236297114/
272 ; ‘still believe that the type of attention you get is ; Klein, Ezra. "Democrats Are Losing the War for Attention. Badly." The New York Times, January 17, 2025. link= https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/17/opinion/ezra-klein-podcast-chris-hayes.html
272 ; ‘You can either be authentic or you can be angry.’ ; Newling, Nick. "The Political Fringes Dominate Social Media: How Is Your MP Doing?" The Sydney Morning Herald, August 5, 2025. link= https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/the-political-fringes-dominate-social-media-how-is-your-mp-doing-20250731-p5mjdg.html
275 ; Trump ‘has forcibly installed disinhibition ; Rothpletz, Peter. "How Do Democrats Harness #DarkWoke?" The Guardian, January 30, 2025. link= https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/jan/30/democrats-dark-woke-trump
276 ; ‘to stick to substantive policy differences ; Ferris, Sarah and Lauren Fox. "Democrats grapple with their own message in Trump 2.0." CNN, January 22, 2025. link= https://edition.cnn.com/2025/01/22/politics/democrats-reaction-trump-agenda/index.html
276 ; ‘The man was political roadkill a few months ago but ; Wren, Adam. "How Gavin Newsom trolled his way to the top of social media." Politico, August 20, 2025. link= https://www.politico.com/news/2025/08/20/gavin-newsom-twitter-trump-00515785
278 ; ‘No other prospective 2028 candidate ; Wren. 2025
281 ; Slate plotted all of his handshakes ; Adams, Sam. "Andrew Cuomo’s Campaign Relaunch Video Tries to Rip Off Mamdani—and Gets Absolutely Everything Wrong." Slate, July 15, 2025. link= https://slate.com/culture/2025/07/andrew-cuomo-zohran-mamdani-nyc-mayor-election-adams.html
281 ; Only 22 per cent ; "Yahoo! News Survey - 20250701 June 26-30, 2025." YouGov. July 8, 2-25. link= https://www.yahoo.com/news/poll-zohran-mamdanis-policies-are-popular-with-americans-outside-new-york--even-if-mamdani-is-not-162406841.html https://d3nkl3psvxxpe9.cloudfront.net/documents/combined_20250701_politics_scotus.pdf
281 ; [table and statistics sources] ; "New York Politics Nov 5–8, 2025" YouGov. link= https://ygo-assets-websites-editorial-emea.yougov.net/documents/New_York_Politics_poll_results_bIqkj03.pdf
;; "Survey Oct 31–Nov 3 2025" Data for Progress. link= https://www.filesforprogress.org/datasets/2025/11/dfp_mamdani_agenda_nationwide.pdf.
282 ; ‘One of the bright spots Democrats highlighted ; Ferris. 2025 link= https://edition.cnn.com/2025/01/22/politics/democrats-reaction-trump-agenda
282 ; ‘In the same week Bishop Mariann Budde ; Rothpletz. 2025 link= https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/jan/30/democrats-dark-woke-trump
284 ; ‘She was twerking on stage ; "Gen Z’s National Outlook – Cynicism, Fluidity, and Civic Energy." Murmuration. May 30, 2025. link= https://cdn.sanity.io/files/04war3gn/production/6cfb01a6e7e74bcaa058bd347224781dfa46345a.pdf
284 ; ‘are [influencers] “reporters” regurgitating ; Nguyen, Tina. "How the Democrats keep copying the MAGA influencer playbook (and failing)." The Verge, September 3, 2025. link= https://www.theverge.com/regulator-newsletter/769232/democrats-chorus-influencer-program-regulator
286 ; ‘How the “Debate Me” bros ; Peermohamed Lambert, Thomas. "How the Debate-Me Bros Took Over UK Campuses." GQ Magazine UK. September 8, 2025 link= https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/how-the-debate-me-bros-took-over-uk-campuses
286 ; ‘a cosmic gumbo of horn-tooting ; Berkowitz, Joe. "The White House official social media account is a total cringe fest—and it’s gaining a following." Fast Company, May 6, 2025. link= https://www.fastcompany.com/91328515/trump-white-house-official-social-media-account-total-cringe-fest-gaining-following
;ECOSYSTEM ;
290 ; ‘It’s like Mark’s a kingmaker ; Wynn-Williams. 2025 link= https://www.panmacmillan.com.au/9781035065936/
290 ; decined by 73% ; Dwoskin, Elizabeth, and Craig Timberg. "Misinformation Dropped Dramatically the Week After Twitter Banned Trump and Some Allies." The Washington Post, January 16, 2021. link= https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/01/16/misinformation-trump-twitter/
292 ; ‘botshit’ ; Timothy R. Hannigan, Ian P. McCarthy, André Spicer, "Beware of botshit: How to manage the epistemic risks of generative chatbots," Business Horizons, Volume 67, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 471-486 link= https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0007681324000272
292 ; ‘to address the profitability of “botshit” ; Graham, Tim. "Bots and moral panics: Rethinking trust and truth in the age of ChatGPT." In Age of Doubt: Building Trust in a World of Misinformation (225–235). Monash University Publishing. 2025. link= https://publishing.monash.edu/product/age-of-doubt/
294 ; convince a person to get a Covid vaccine ; Atheya, Susan, Kristen Grabarzb, Michael Lucab and Nils Wernerfelt. "Digital public health interventions at scale: The impact of social media advertising on beliefs and outcomes related to COVID vaccines." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. November 10, 2022 link= https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2208110120
294 ; whopping 60 per cent drop ; Aridor, Guy et al. "Evaluating the Impact of Privacy Regulation on E-Commerce Firms: Evidence from Apple's App Tracking Transparency." Available at SSRN. April 28, 2025 link= https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4698374
294 ; took 40,000 Facebook and Instagram users ; Guess, Andrew M. et al. "How do social media feed algorithms affect attitudes and behavior in an election campaign?" Science 381,398-404. 2023. link= https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abp9364
295 ; ‘a reduction in angry, partisan ; Milli, Smitha et al. “Engagement, user satisfaction, and the amplification of divisive content on social media.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. v4,3. March 5, 2025. link= https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11894805/
295 ; shown to increase their overall enjoyment ; Alqabandi, Fatima et al. “Experiments Offering Social Media Users the Choice to Avoid Toxic Political Content”. SocArXiv, February 15, 2025. link= https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/ubyac_v2
295 ; this works to reduce the cascading effect ; Brady, William J., et al. 2023 link= https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-023-01582-0
296 ; Build bridges ; Ovadya, Aviv and Luke Thorburn. "Bridging Systems: Open problems for countering destructive divisiveness across ranking, recommenders, and governance." Knight First Amendment Institute. October 26, 2023 link= https://knightcolumbia.org/content/bridging-systems
297 ; All the secrets ; Wynn-Williams. 2025 link=https://www.panmacmillan.com.au/9781035065936/
298 ; built their own experimental social media ; van Loon, Austin, et al. "Designing Social Media to Promote Productive Political Dialogue on a New Research Platform." SocArXiv, September 6, 2024. link= https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/dngcj_v2
302 ; 2024 saw a 25 per cent rise ; "ACLED Conflict Index." Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Monitor. 2025. link= https://acleddata.com/series/acled-conflict-index
305 ; Studies show that rhetoric invoking anger ; Jacob, Marc S., et al. "Entrepreneurs of Conflict: Media Attention Without Consequences." OSF Preprints, July 10, 2024. link= https://osf.io/preprints/osf/754ah_v1
305 ; supporters’ violence will not be pardoned ; Kalmoe, Nathan P., and Lilliana Mason. Radical American Partisanship: Mapping Violent Hostility, Its Causes, and the Consequences for Democracy. The University of Chicago Press. 2022. link= https://academic.oup.com/poq/article-abstract/87/1/235/7044720
306 ; voting systems [that] dampen extremism ; Kleinfeld, Rachel, and Nicole Bibbins Sedaca. "How to Prevent Political Violence." Journal of Democracy 35, no. 4: 35-45. 2024. link= https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/how-to-prevent-political-violence/
307 ; using different levels of turnout in US elections ; Oprea, Alexandra, Lucy Martin, and Geoffrey H. Brennan. "Moving toward the Median: Compulsory Voting and Political Polarization." American Political Science Review 118, no. 4: 1951-65. 2024. link= https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/moving-toward-the-median-compulsory-voting-and-political-polarization/339B3C1760F1FD7D833B44BCB2D39781
308 ; a Harvard study found it led ; Bjarnason, Samson. "More Choices, Less Extremism: The Effect of Ranked-Choice Voting on Political Extremism in Maine." Thesis. Harvard University Engineering and Applied Sciences. 2025. link= https://dash.harvard.edu/items/d2d9fcb0-9da3-44dc-baba-60d5e3243b3e
310 ; than they do from ‘news creators’ ; Park, Sora et al. "Digital news report: Australia 2025." University of Canberra News and Media Research Centre. June 17, 2025. link= https://apo.org.au/node/330740
310 ; ‘The truth is [young] people ; "Sole survivor of fatal Air India crash + Who killed The Project and Q+A?" The Briefing. Podcast audio. June 12, 2025 link= https://open.spotify.com/episode/3n9yXaAkbhJOJ5pqEvekC0
311 ; ‘Despite being primarily a children’s game, ; Lorenz, Taylor. "Kids Are Protesting ICE in Roblox." Teen Vogue. June 17, 2025 link= https://www.teenvogue.com/story/kids-are-protesting-ice-in-roblox
312 ; help mainstream news out ; Galan, Lucas, et al. "How Young People Consume News and The Implications For Mainstream Media." Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, February 2021. link= https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2021-02/FlamingoxREUTERS-Report-Full-KG-V28.pdf
312 ; ‘truth is that people, glued to their ; Warzel, Charlie. "Bad News." The Atlantic, November 8, 2024. link= https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2024/11/you-are-the-media-now/680602/
CONCLUSION
;NOTHING WILL COME OF NOTHING ;
319 ; The sooner our politicians ; Moses, Asher. "Obama's Web Strategist to Advise Rudd." The Sydney Morning Herald, February 13, 2009. link= https://www.smh.com.au/technology/obamas-web-strategist-to-advise-rudd-20090213-gdtd5c.html
321 ; ‘We were keeping our eye on 1984 … ; Postman, Neil. Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business. Viking Penguin, 1985. link= https://www.amazon.com.au/Amusing-Ourselves-Death-Discourse-Business/dp/014303653X